Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome of Tussilago farfara L / 药学学报

italic>Tussilago farfara L. is a perennial herb of Tussilago genus in the Compositae family. Its dried buds and leaves have good biological activities and have a long history of medicinal use in China and Europe. In this paper, we investigated the whole chloroplast genome characteristics, sequence duplication, structural variation and phylogeny of the Tussilago farfara L. After sequencing the Tussilago farfara L. chloroplast genome using Illumination technology, the complete Tussilago farfara L. chloroplast genome was further obtained by assembly and annotation, followed by a series of inverted repeat-large single copy/small single copy region contraction and expansion analysis, genome sequence variation, etc. The sequences of 13 homologous plants downloaded from NCBI were used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the total GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.4% and the length was 150 300 bp; 125 genes were annotated, including 82 protein-coding genes, 35 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs; 148 (simple sequence repeats, SSR) loci were detected, and the relative synonymous codon usage showed that 31 codons out of 64 codons had a usage of >1. In the phylogenetic analysis, the chloroplast genomes of the seven species of Asteraceae, including the Yulin Tussilago farfara L., were highly conserved, and the sequence variation of the (large single-copy, LSC) and (small single-copy, SSC) regions was higher than that of the (inverted repeat, IR) region. This is in general agreement with the reported phylogeny of Yulin Tussilago farfara L. In this study, we obtained a high quality chloroplast genome and analyzed its genome characteristics, codon preference, SSR characteristics, SC/IR boundary, sequence variation and phylogeny, which can provide a basis for species identification, genetic diversity analysis and resource development of this medicinal plant.

Allelopathic Effect of Water Extracts from Rhizosphere Soil of Three Medicinal Plants on Polygala tenuifolia Seeds and Their Seedlings / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the allelopathic effects of water extracts from rhizosphere soil of three medicinal plants Rehmannia glutinosa，Pinellia ternata and Isatis indigotica on seed germination and seedling growth of Polygala tenuifolia， screen the stubble varieties suitable for crop rotation with P. tenuifolia， and provide some scientific basis for continuous cropping obstacles of P. tenuifolia. Method:The bioassay method was used to study the effects of rhizosphere soil water extracts from three medicinal plants Rehmannia glutinosa，Pinellia ternata and Isatis indigotica at concentrations of 0.3，0.6，0.9 g·mL-1 on the germination of P. tenuifolia seed and seedling growth. Result:The rhizosphere soil water extracts of Rehmannia glutinosa and Pinellia ternata showed basically low-promotion and high-inhibition concentration effects on the final germination rate，germination potential，and germination index of P. tenuifolia seeds，while the water extract of Isatis indigotica showed significant allelopathic inhibition effect. All three rhizosphere soil water extracts showed significant allelopathic inhibition effects on the growth index of P. tenuifolia seedlings. Among them，the rhizosphere soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa showed lower inhibitory effect on the plant height and root length of P. tenuifolia seedlings than the other two water extracts. The photosynthetic pigment content，proline（Pro） content，and soluble sugar content of P. tenuifolia chinensis seedlings were the highest under 0.3 g·mL-1 soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa， with relatively higher content of soluble protein， and relatively lower content of hydrogen oxide（H2O2）. Under the treatment of 0.9 g·mL-1 soil water extract of Rehmannia glutinosa，P. tenuifolia seedlings had the highest peroxidase（POD） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities，low catalase（CAT） activity，and lowest content of malondialdehyde（MDA）. Conclusion:Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above experimental data and allelopathic effects，the water extract of rhizosphere of Rehmannia glutinosa can promote the germination of P. tenuifolia seeds to a certain extent，and lay the foundation for seedling resistance to biochemical stress. Therefore， Rehmannia glutinosa is more suitable for crop rotation with P. tenuifolia.

HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Chemistry Pattern Recognition of Wild and Cultivated Notholirion bulbuliferum from Different Regions / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of wild and cultivated Notholirion bulbuliferum,and recognize them according to the chemical pattern, in the expectation of providing the basis for the quality control and domestication cultivation of N. bulbuliferum of origins. Method: Twenty samples of wild and cultivated N. bulbuliferum collected from different origins were detected by HPLC, and a common mode of fingerprint was established. The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (2012A edition) was used to evaluate the similarity of the samples. The differences among the samples were identified by chemical pattern recognition methods, including principal component analysis (PCA),cluster analysis (HCA) and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). Result: The HPLC fingerprint of N. bulbuliferum was obtained,and 26 common peaks were found in the chromatograph. Similarities of all samples were over 0.9,PCA,and HCA and PLS-DA results demonstrated obvious distinctions between wild and cultivated N. bulbuliferum. Eight constituents,such as pcoumaric acid were identified as biomarkers,representing major differences between the two varieties. Conclusion: The HPLC chromatogram of N. bulbuliferum developed in this paper has strong characteristics and repeatability. After being combined with the pattern recognition mode, it can be used as an effective method for evaluating the quality of N. bulbuliferum and distinguishing wild and cultivated N. bulbuliferum,and provide a reference for the quality control and domestication introduction of N. bulbuliferum.

Effect of Different Hormone Ratios on Callus Induction and Flavone Accumulation in Polygala tenuifolia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of different hormone ratios on the callus induction of roots,stems and leaves of Polygala tenuifolia,and determine and analyze the amount of flavonoids in roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia. Method:With MS as the basic medium and roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia sterile seedings as explants,the effects of 2,4-D,NAA and 6-BA on callus induction and flavonoid accumulation in different parts of roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia were determined by orthogonal test. Result:2,4-D,NAA and 6-BA had significant effects on the callus induction rate of roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia. The optimal callus induction combination of leaves was MS+3.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.5 mg·L-1 6-BA,the optimal callus induction combination of stems was MS+1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+3.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.5 mg·L-1 6-BA,the optimal callus induction combination for roots was MS+1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA. And 2,4-D,NAA and 6-BA had significant effects on flavonoid accumulation in the stem callus of P. tenuifolia,and MS+3.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA was the best flavonoid accumulation combination.NAA,6-BA had significant effects on flavonoid accumulation in the leave callus of P. tenuifolia,while 2,4-D had no significant effect,and MS+3.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+2.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA was the optimal flavonoid accumulation combination,the three hormones had no significant effect on the accumulation of flavonoids in the root callus of P. tenuifolia,and MS+2.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+1.5 mg·L-1 6-BA was the best flavonoid accumulation combination. Conclusion:Under the conditions,the callus induction rate of roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia is 100%, especially, the callus of P. tenuifolia leaves was the optimal,which is followed by P. tenuifolia stems and P. tenuifolia roots. Under the conditions,the amount of flavonoids in roots,stems and leaves of P. tenuifolia reach 21.31,24.56,23.61 mg·g-1,respectively.

Difference of chemical constituents and efficacy between crude and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents and effects of crude and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma. Methods The contents of inosine, guanosine, adenosine, succinic acid, ephedrine hydrochloride, liquiritin, glyeyrrhizie acid, and 6-gingerol of Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum were detected by HPLC. The pharmacodynamics of the traditional efficacy of expectorant and cough relieving was studied by stimulating mice with phenol red and concentrated ammonia in the trachea of mice. Results The contents of inosine, guanosine, adenosine, succinic acid, and ephedrine hydrochloride decreased significantly after processing, and inosine was not detected in Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine. Compared with the three processed products, the content of inosine, guanosine, adenosine and succinic acid was the highest in the Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine, the lowest was in Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, and in consistent with the effect of resolving phlegm. The four components were the active components of resolving phlegm effect. Adding alumen during Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine processing has also enhanced its effectiveness. Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum has the strongest antitussive effect, followed by Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine. Adding licorice and lime water during Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum processing, licorice (peak 6: liquiritin, peak 7: ammonium glycyrrhizinate) had a powerful antitussive effect and enhanced its antitussive effect. After processing by ginger and white peony, ginger (peak 8: 6-gingerol) is good at warming middle energizer to arrest vomiting, thus enhance antiemetic effect and weaken phlegm, cough effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine. Conclusion The chemical composition and efficacy of Pinelliae Rhizoma have changed after being processed, and different processing methods have different effects on its chemical composition and efficacy.

Establishment of quality evaluation model of material foundation-efficacy- bioactivity of Pinelliae Rhizoma / 中草药

Objective To establish the quality evaluation model of material foundation-efficacy-bioactivity of Pinelliae Rhizoma by investigating the relationships between the total organic acids of Pinelliae Rhizoma and the antitussive effect, the HPLC fingerprint of total organic acid and the antitussive effect, the total organic acids and the antitussive potency, respectively. Methods The content of total organic acids in Pinelliae Rhizoma was determined by potentiometric titration. The total organic acid fingerprints were established by HPLC. The cough relieving effect was studied by the concentrated ammonia water cough model, and the spectral-effect relationship between total organic acids and antitussive effect was established by the grey correlation analysis. Based on the mice concentrated ammonia water cough model, the determination method of the cough potency of Pinelliae Rhizoma was established. The correlation among the total organic acids, the antitussive effect and the antitussive potency was analyzed by SPSS 18.0 Software. Results The total organic acids of Pinelliae Rhizoma had a significant inhibitory effect on mice cough induced by concentrated ammonia. The antitussive effect was enhanced with the increase of the content of total organic acids. In the HPLC chromatogram, the chemical components represented by chromatographic peaks of 4, 6 (succinic acid), and 12 showed a strong correlation with the antitussive effect. The cough efficacy mean value of ten batches of Pinelliae Rhizoma was (753.72 ± 58.18) U/g. Combined with the quantitative analysis of total organic acids, there was a significant positive correlation between them, showing an increase in the antitussive efficacy with an increase of the content of total organic acids. Conclusion This study not only revealed the material foundation of the anti-tussive effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma, but also clarified the correlation among total organic acids, antitussive effect and bioactivity. Finally, it can improve the quality standards of Pinelliae Rhizoma and provide a scientific basis for the construction of a new model for quality control of Pinelliae Rhizoma.

Discriminant analysis of raw and honey baked Farfarae Flos from different regions by HPLC fingerprint analysis combined with chemical pattern recognition / 中草药

Objective To establish an HPLC fingerprint of raw and honey baked Farfarae Flos for its quality control and samples differentiation. Methods An HPLC method has been developed for the fingerprinting and evaluation of 36 batches of raw and honey baked Farfarae Flos collected from different locations. The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (2012A edition) was used to evaluate the similarity of 36 batches. The difference between raw and honey baked Farfarae Flos was identified by chemical pattern recognition methods including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). Results A standard fingerprint containing 20 common peaks was constructed from 36 batches of raw and honey baked Farfarae Flos, and identified 10 of them. The similarity of all batches with reference fingerprint was between 0.723-0.984. The similarity of 16 batches of raw Farfarae Flos was between 0.862-0.998, and the similarity of 20 batches of honey baked Farfarae Flos was between 0.687-0.993. HCA, PCA and PLS-DA results demonstrated that there were obvious distinction between raw and honey baked Farfarae Flos. According to the VIP plot, ten constituents including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and tussilagone were primarily response for the discrimination. Conclusion The combination of HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition could provide a comprehensive reference for the quality control and quality evaluation of raw and honey baked Farfarae Flos.

Experimental Study on the Protection of Agrimony Extracts from Different Extracting Methods against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To study the protective effect of agrimony extracts from different extracting methods on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, in order to optimize the extraction scheme of agrimony. Methods Male rats were randomly assigned into seven groups: 1. Sham-operated group, 2. Untreated MCAO group (MCAO), 3. Petroleum ether extract of Agrimonia pilosa treated MCAO group (PEA), 4. Ethyl acetate extract of Agrimonia pilosa treated MCAO group (EAEA), 5. Ethanol extract of Agrimonia pilosa treated MCAO group (EEA), 6. Water extract of Agrimonia pilosa treated MCAO group (WEA), 7. Nimodipine treated MCAO group (NP). Intragastrical drug administration (i.g) was performed at 0 and 6 hours after MCAO. Neurological function tests were performed after reperfusion for 24 hours, then the brain was removed for the evaluations of the cerebral infarction volume (percentage of total brain volume) by immunohistochemistry, histological changes (hematoxylin-eosin staining), Na/K-ATPase, Ca-ATPase (modified method of Svoboda and Mosinger), mRNA expression of Tumor suppressor gene (P53) and hot shock protein (HSP70) (quantitative real-time PCR). Results The neurological function of MCAO group had significantly higher scores than the sham group (P<0.01). The WEA group showed a significantly lower neurological score than the MCAO group (P<0.05), indicating the protective effect of WEA on neurological deficits. The mean infarction volumes of WEA (13.5±6.6%, F=4.75, P<0.01), EEA (19.90±6.90%, F=5.23, P<0.01), PEA (20.40±5.30%, F=4.68, P<0.01) and EAEA (22.50±10.50%, F=6.25, P<0.05) group were all significantly smaller than that of MCAO group (29.40±6.50%). HE staining demonstrated that, compared to the treated groups, the infarcted cerebral tissue of MCAO group had more swelling neural cells, lighter stained nucleus, fewer and irregularly distributed neurons. The activity of Na/K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase reduced in the MCAO group (3.67±0.48 U/mg, 1.28±0.26 U/mg, respectively), and were significantly higher in WEA group (7.56±0.85 U/mg, F=12.65, P=0.010; 3.59±0.22 U/mg, F=8.32, P=0.041, respectively). The MCAO group showed significantly elevated P53 and HSP70 mRNA expressions compared to the sham group (P<0.01, P<0.05). P53 mRNA expressions in Agrimony extracts treated groups were significantly lower than that of the MCAO group (all P<0.01), with the WEA group showing the greatest difference from MCAO group. The HSP70 mRNA level of the treated groups were not significantly different from that of the MCAO group. Conclusions Treatment using water extracts of agrimony can promote the best functional and metabolic recovery for rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which maybe relate with the upregulation of energy metabolism in nerve cells after MCAO.

The genetic diversity of wild populations of Rubia cordifolia L. in Shaanxi province based on SCoT analysis / 药学学报

Rubia cordifolia L. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for several centuries. In recent years, the resources of wild Rubia cordifolia have been declined sharply due to increased utilization and rising price. Therefore, it is of great urgency to evaluate and protect resources of wild plant of Rubia cordifolia. In our study, sixty-four individuals that represent eight wild populations of Rubia cordifolia L. were analyzed by Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) molecular markers. Genetic distance was calculated by POPGENE 3.2 software, cluster analysis was generated by NTSYS 2.10 software based on UPGMA method and Mantel Test was used to analysis the relationship between the genetic distances and geographical distance among the wild populations. The results showed a high genetic diversity of wild populations of Rubia cordifolia L. in Shaanxi province. A total of 182 bands were produced by 14 primers, among which 163 bands were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 89.56%. The average value of Nei's genetic diversity index (H) was 0.293 6, Shannon's information index (I) was 0.444 6, genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.555 3, and the gene flow (Nm) was 0.440 8, the wild populations were ranked by genetic diversity:AK > YL > SL > BJ > TC > YA > WN > XY. Mantel Test analysis demonstrated that the significant correlation was found between the genetic distances and geographical distances (r=0.776 4, PRubia cordifolia L. germplasms.

Spectrum-effect relationship of antitussive effect by total organic acids in crude and four processed Pinellia ternate based on gray relative analysis method / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the HPLC fingerprint of the total organic acids in Pinelliae Rhizoma (the rhizomes of Pinelliae ternate), Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Glycyrrhizae et Alumine, and the its relationship with antitussive effect, and to establish the spectrum-effect relationship of the total organic acids in crude and processed P. ternate and antitussive effect, so as to elucidate their material basis of antitussive effect. Methods: The gray relative analysis method was used to make correspond analysis of the HPLC fingerprints of total organic acids in Pinelliae Rhizoma and processed products related with three antitussive indexes (the latent period, coughing times in 3 min, and inhibitatory rate), establishing the spectrum-effect relationship between them. Results: The total organic acids of crude Pinelliae Rhizoma and its processed products showed the antitussive activity against the ammonium hydroxide-induced mice cough, consist with arresting cough of Pinelliae Rhizoma. The HPLC data demonstrated that the chemical composition represented by peak 4, 6 (succinic acid), and 12 had strong relevancy with anti-tussive activity and made a great contribution to this activity, especially peak 4, which had bigger area and stronger relevancy. Conclusion: This paper reveals that there exists the correlations between the HPLC fingerprints of total organic acids and antitussive effect of crude and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma, elucidating the material basis of antitussive effects in crude and processed P. ternate by the spectrum-effect study, and could provide a theory basis for the quality control and analysis of Pinelliae Rhizoma.

Methodological study on quality evaluation of crude and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma based on antitussive bioassay / 中草药

Objective: To establish a method for determining the antitussive effects of Pinelliae Rhizoma (Pinelliae ternate), Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Glycyrrhizae et Alumine, and provide a scientific basis for constructing a new quality evaluation pattern of crude and processed P. ternate. Methods: Antitussive bioassay for crude and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma was established by taking parallel line quantitative analysis method, based on mouse cough model induced by strong aqua ammoniac. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships among the levels of different total organic acids and antitussive bioassay. Results: The results showed that antitussive bioassay increased after prepared. Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Glycyrrhizae et Alumine had the highest antitussive bioassay (2105.59 U/g), followed by Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine; Pinelliae Rhizoma demonstrated the lowest antitussive bioassay which was only 1/3 of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Glycyrrhizae et Alumine. The antitussive bioassay increased when the content of total organic acids was growing, presenting a significant positive correlation, R2 among them ranged from 0.6920 to 0.9178. Conclusion: The method is stable, precise, and good for determining the antitussive bioassay of crude and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma. It can be used in quality evaluation and quality standard and provide a scientific basis for the quality control of Chinese materia medica.

A system research on HPLC characteristic fingerprint of Pinelliae Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine / 中草药

Objective: To study the characteristic fingerprint of different extract parts from Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine (PRPZA) by HPLC, to elucidate the major material foundations before and after processing, and to provide reliable method and scientific basis for the quality control of PR and PRPZA. Methods: The HPLC fingerprints of water, 75% ethanol and 95% ethanol extracts from PR and PRPZA were established. The similarity was analyzed with "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica". The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed by SPSS software 17.0. Results: Six common modes of the HPLC characteristic fingerprint of different extract parts from PR and PRPZA have been established. Six specific peaks were identified as inosine, guanosine, adenosine, succinic acid, ephedrine hydrochloride, and 6-gingerol, respectively. Compared with the characteristic fingerprint of PR, there were two more peaks existed in retention time 18.3 (peak 10) and 73.5 min (peak 19, 6-gingerol) of PRPZA. Conclusion: It is the first time to establish the HPLC characteristic fingerprint of different extract parts from PR and PRPZA. The method is stable, time-saving, and reliable, and could provide an efficient basis for the quality control of PR and PRPZA.

Research on the HPLC characteristic fingerprints of Rhizoma Pinelliae and processed products / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish and compare the HPLC fingerprints of different parts of Rhizoma Pinelliae (RPI), Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum Cum Alumine (RPA), Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum Cum Zingibere Et Alumine (RPZ), Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum (RPP) and Jing Pinelliae (JPI) and provide reliable method and scientific basis for their quality control. METHODS: The HPLC fingerprints of water, 75% ethanol and 95% ethanol extracts of Rhizoma Pinelliae and processed products were established and analyzed with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Version 2004A). RESULTS: The chromatograms of water, 75% ethanol and 95% ethanol extracts were generated as the representative standard fingerprints. Thirteen common peaks were obtained in the fingerprints of Rhizoma Pinelliae and Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum Cum Alumine; 15 common peaks were obtained in the fingerprints of Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum Cum Zingibere Et Alumine; 17 common peaks were obtained in the fingerprints of Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum and Jing Pinelliae. Among the common peaks, 8 characterized peaks were identified as inosine, guanosine, adenosine, succinic acid, ephedrine hydrochloride, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, and 6-Gingerol. Guanosine, adenosine, succinic acid, and ephedrine hydrochloride existed in Rhizoma Pinelliae and processed products. 6-gingerol was only detected in Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum Cum Zingibere Et Alumine. Liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were detected in Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum and Jing Pinelliae. A new peak (peak 8) appeared in the chromatograms of Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum Cum Alumine and Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum Cum Zingibere Et Alumine; Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum and Jing Pinelliae did not show inosine and had a new peak (peak 11) compared to Rhizoma Pinelliae. CONCLUSION: This study established the HPLC characteristic fingerprints of different parts of Rhizoma Pinelliae and processed products. The method is stable, time-saving, reliable and can identify Rhizoma Pinelliae and its four different processed products, which provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Rhizoma Pinelliae.